Study of incubation period of infection with 2019-nCoV Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To study the incubation period of the infection with 2019-nCoV Omicron variant BA.5.1.3. Methods: Based on the epidemiological survey data of 315 COVID-19 cases and the characteristics of interval censored data structure, log-normal distribution and Gamma distribution were used to estimate the incubation. Bayes estimation was performed for the parameters of each distribution function using discrete time Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Results: The mean age of the 315 COVID-19 cases was (42.01±16.54) years, and men accounted for 30.16%. A total of 156 cases with mean age of (41.65±16.32) years reported the times when symptoms occurred. The log-normal distribution and Gamma distribution indicated that the M (Q1, Q3) of the incubation period from exposure to symptom onset was 2.53 (1.86, 3.44) days and 2.64 (1.91, 3.52) days, respectively, and the M (Q1, Q3) of the incubation period from exposure to the first positive nucleic acid detection was 2.45 (1.76, 3.40) days and 2.57 (1.81, 3.52) days, respectively. Conclusions: The incubation period by Bayes estimation based on log-normal distribution and Gamma distribution, respectively, was similar to each other, and the best distribution of incubation period was Gamma distribution, the difference between the incubation period from exposure to the first positive nucleic acid detection and the incubation period from exposure to symptom onset was small. The median of incubation period of infection caused by Omicron variant BA.5.1.3 was shorter than those of previous Omicron variants.

Epidemiological characteristics of newly reported HIV-infected adolescents aged 15-17 years outside school in China, 2011-2019 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected adolescents outside school in China and provide reference to targeted prevention and control of HIV infection in this population. Methods: All the HIV-infected adolescents aged 15-17 years outside school reported during 2011-2019 were included this study. The information about their demographics, transmission routes and migration were collected from HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. The χ2 test was done for comparison among groups. The Joinpoint 4.9.0 software was applied to the annual percent change (APC) for time trends analysis using the Joinpoint regression model. The Excel 2019 and SPSS 22.0 software were used for data cleaning and statistical analysis. Results: A total of 4 919 HIV-infected adolescents aged 15-17 years outside school were reported accumulatively in China between 2011 and 2019, accounting for 63.4% (4 919/7 757) of total reported HIV-infected cases in this age group. Analysis on trend revealed that the new HIV infection diagnosis rate has become stable since 2016 (APC=2.5%, P=0.173) after the increase between 2011 and 2015 (APC=36.4%, P<0.001). The migration across provinces was discovered in 13.9% (684/4 919) of the HIV-infected adolescents outside school. Males, workers, and those diagnosed in detention centers or transmitted by injecting drugs or homosexual contacts accounted for a larger proportion in migrated cases compared with non-migrated cases. The adolescents outside school mainly got HIV infected by sexual contacts route, in which 66.5% (280/421) of the males were infected by homosexual contacts, while 97.8% (182/186) of the females were infected by heterosexual contacts in 2019. Conclusions: HIV-infected adolescents aged 15-17 years outside school were mainly infected by sexual contacts. However, adolescents outside school have low awareness of sexual health and high mobility, to whom close attention should be paid to improve their awareness of sexual health and to provide them with appropriate HIV infection prevention and treatment service.

Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Neuronal Pyroptosis in Ischaemic Stroke by Inhibiting miR-186-5p Expression

Ischaemic stroke is a common condition leading to human disability and death. Previous studies have shown that oleanolic acid (OA) ameliorates oxidative injury and cerebral ischaemic damage, and miR-186-5p is verified to be elevated in serum from ischaemic stroke patients. Herein, we investigated whether OA regulates miR-186-5p expression to control neuroglobin (Ngb) levels, thereby inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis in ischaemic stroke. Three concentrations of OA (0.5, 2, or 8 μM) were added to primary hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/ reperfusion (OGD/R), a cell model of ischaemic stroke. We found that OA treatment markedly inhibited pyroptosis. qRT–PCR and western blot revealed that OA suppressed the expression of pyroptosis-associated genes. Furthermore, OA inhibited LDH and proinflammatory cytokine release. In addition, miR-186-5p was downregulated while Ngb was upregulated in OA-treated OGD/R neurons. MiR-186-5p knockdown repressed OGD/R-induced pyroptosis and suppressed LDH and inflammatory cytokine release. In addition, a dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-186-5p directly targeted Ngb. OA reduced miR-186-5p to regulate Ngb levels, thereby inhibiting pyroptosis in both OGD/R-treated neurons and MCAO mice. In conclusion, OA alleviates pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro by downregulating miR-186-5p and upregulating Ngb expression, which provides a novel theoretical basis illustrating that OA can be considered a drug for ischaemic stroke.

Development of liquiritigenin-phospholipid complex with the enhanced oral bioavailability / 中国天然药物

In the present study, liquiritigenin-phospholipid complex (LPC) was developed and evaluated to increase the oral bioavailability of liquiritigenin. A single-factor test methodology was applied to optimize the formulation and process for preparing LPC. The effects of solvent, drug concentration, reaction time, temperature and drug-to-phospholipid ratio on encapsulation efficiency were investigated. LPCs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). The apparent solubility and n-octanol/water partition coefficient were tested. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability of the LPC were investigated after oral administration in rats in comparison with liquiritigenin alone. An LPC was successfully prepared. The optimum level of various parameters for liquiritigenin-phospholipid complex was obtained at the drug concentration of 8 mg·mL

Efficacy of patient-controlled brachial plexus block with different concentrations of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for analgesia after elbow joint surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of patient-controlled brachial plexus block with different concentrations of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for analgesia after elbow joint surgery.Methods One hundred patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 45-75 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing elbow joint surgedyy,were divided into 4 groups (n =25 each) using a random number table method:different concentrations of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine groups (DR1-3 groups) and ropivacaine group (group R).An analgesia pump was connected at the end of surgery and patient-controlled brachial plexus block was performed.The patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) solution contained 0.5 μg/ml dexmedetomidine and 0.2％ ropivacaine in group DR1,0.75 μg/ml dexmedetomidine and 0.2％ ropivacaine in group DR2,1 μg/ml dexmedetomidine and 0.2％ ropivacaine in group DR3 and 0.3％ ropivacaine in group R.All the drugs were diluted to 400 ml in normal saline in each group.The PCA pump was set up to deliver 3 ml bolus dose with a 20-min lockout interval and background infusion at 5 ml/h.Parecoxib 0.6 mg/kg was intravenously injected as a rescue analgesic.The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at rest and during movement (voluntary and continuous passive movement) were recorded at the end of surgery and 12,24,36,48 and 72 h after surgery.The number of successfully delivered doses,the number of attempt and postoperative consumption of parecoxib were recorded.The elbow flexion angle during voluntary and continuous passive movement was recorded.The development of motor block and drug-related adverse reactions was also recorded.Results There was no significant difference in VAS scores at rest at each time point among the four groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group R,the VAS scores during movement,the number of attempts,the number of successfully delivered doses and parecoxib consumption were significantly increased in DR1 and DR2 groups,the elbow flexion angle during voluntary and continuous passive mnovement was significantly decreased in group DR1,the elbow flexion angle during continuous passive movement was significantly decreased in group DR2,and the elbow flexion angle during voluntary movement was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group DR3 (P＞0.05).Compared with group DR1,the VAS scores during movement were significantly decreased,the number of attempts,the number of successfully delivered doses and parecoxib consumption were decreased,and the elbow flexion angle during voluntary and continuous passive movement was increased in DR2 and DR3 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group DR2,the VAS scores during movement were significantly decreased,the number of attempts,the number of successfully delivered doses and parecoxib consumption were decreased,and the elbow flexion angle during voluntary and continuous passive movement was increased in group DR3 (P＜0.05).No motor block was found in DR1,DR2,and DR3 groups,and the incidence of motor block was significantly higher in group R than in the other three groups (P＜0.05).The hemodynamics was stable and no drug-related adverse reactions were found in the perioperative period in the four groups.Conclusion Patient-controlled brachial plexus block with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/ml mixed with 0.2％ ropivacaine can provide satisfactory analgesia and is helpful in improving prognosis for the patients undergoing elbow joint surgery.

Structural equation model analysis of mental health influencing factors in family caregivers of schizophrenic patients / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective The structural equation model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental health of family caregivers with schizophrenia, so as to provide scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods On the basis of investigating the social dysfunction of schizophrenia patients and their family function, social support and mental health status, structural equation model was used to analyze the factors affecting mental health of caregivers and their effect indexes, the main fitting parameters included compare the fitted indices(CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), the adjusted goodness of fit index(AGFI), normed fit index(NFI) and approximate error root mean square(RMSEA). Result The total score of psychological self-rating scale of carers was higher than that of normal people(all P<0.05). Only 19.0% of home care providers with schizophrenia felt no or little burden, 33.0% mild burden and 48.0% heavy burden. Structural equation model fitting index for: 2(58)=47.440, P=0.838, 2/df=0.818, the main fitting parameters GFI=0.968、AGFI=0.943, CFI=1.000, NFI=0.973, RMSEA=0.000, model fitting effect was good. The total effects of social support, family care, patient social function and care burden on the mental health of family caregivers were -0.016, -0.197, 0.114 and 0.118, respectively. Conclusions The family caregivers of schizophrenia have serious mental health problems, and the burden of care is heavy. improving social support, family care and social function of patients is an effective way to improve their care burden and mental health level.

Status of diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in 2017: a national multi-center retrospective study / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the current status of diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis (AA) in China.@*METHODS@#Questionnaire survey was used to retrospectively collect data of hospitalized patients with AA from 43 medical centers nationwide in 2017 (Sort by number of cases provided: Jinling Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Dalian Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Dongying People's Hospital, Jinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangshan Shoukang Hospital, Xuyi People's Hospital, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital, Lanzhou 940th Hospital of PLA, Heze Municipal Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shandong Zaozhuang Mining Group, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan City, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The 81st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Linyi Central Hospital, The General Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group, The 908th Hospital of PLA, Liyang People's Hospital, The 901th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Harbin Acheng District People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, Taixing Municipal People's Hospital, Baotou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Linyi People's Hospital, The 72st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, People's Hospital of Dayu County, Taixing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Beijing Guang'anmen Hospital, Langxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University).The diagnosis and management of AA were analyzed through unified summary. Different centers collected and summarized their data in 2017 and sent back the questionnaires for summary.@*RESULTS@#A total of 8 766 AA patients were enrolled from 43 medical centers, including 4 711 males (53.7%) with median age of 39 years and 958 (10.9%) patients over 65 years old. Of 8 776 patients, 5 677 cases (64.6%) received one or more imaging examinations, and the other 3 099 (35.4%) did not receive any imaging examination. A total of 1 858 (21.2%) cases received medical treatment, mainly a combination of nitroimidazoles (1 107 cases, 59.8%) doublet regimen, followed by a single-agent regimen of non-nitroimidazoles (451 cases, 24.4%), a nitroimidazole-free doublet regimen (134 cases, 7.2%), a triple regimen of combined nitroimidazoles (116 cases, 6.3%), nitroimidazole alone (39 cases, 2.1%) and nitroimidazole-free triple regimen (3 cases, 0.2%). Of the 6 908 patients (78.8%) who underwent surgery, 4 319 (62.5%) underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and 2589 (37.5%) underwent open surgery. Ratio of laparotomy was higher in those patients under 16 years old (392 cases) or over 65 years old (258 cases) [15.1%(392/2 589) and 10.0%(258/2 589), respectively, compared with 8.5%(367/4 316) and 8.0%(347/4 316) in the same age group for laparoscopic surgery, χ²=91.415, P<0.001; χ²=15.915,P<0.001]. Patients with complicated appendicitis had higher ratio of undergoing open surgery as compared to those undergoing laparoscopic surgery [26.7%(692/2 589) vs. 15.6%(672/4 316), χ²=125.726, P<0.001].The cure rates of laparoscopic and open surgery were 100.0% and 99.8%(2 585/2 589) respectively without significant difference (P=0.206). Postoperative complication rates were 4.5%(121/2 589) and 4.7%(196/4 316) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.065, P=0.799). The incidence of surgical site infection was lower (0.6% vs. 1.7%, χ²=17.315, P<0.001), and hospital stay was shorter [6(4-7) days vs. 6(5-8) days, U=4 384 348.0, P<0.001] in the laparoscopic surgery group, while hospitalization cost was higher (median 12 527 yuan vs. 9 342 yuan, U=2 586 809.0, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still clinically based, supplemented by imaging examination. Appendectomy is still the most effective treatment at present. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become the main treatment strategy, but anti-infective drugs are also very effective.

Research on Current Situation and Development Strategies of TCM Cultural Tourism in Jiangsu Province / 中国中医药信息杂志

At present, the tourism industry has risen into a national strategic pillar industry. The development of the TCM industry has been included in the national strategy. The integration of the two major industries, TCM culture and tourism, is of great significance in promoting the development of the tourism industry and structural transformation. Jiangsu Province has a wealth of TCM cultural tourism resources, with unique industrial development advantages. Based on the analysis of the advantages and current situation of TCM cultural tourism in Jiangsu Province, this article put forward some suggestions for the development of TCM cultural tourism in order to provide a reference for promoting the integration and development of TCM culture and tourism industry.

Survey on extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 and above in selected areas of Chongqing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing,and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment.Methods From October to December 2017,a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year,with a sample size of 410.Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted.Results A total of 408 people were surveyed,including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93 ± 9.03) years.The HIV infection rate was 1.47％ (6/408),with the rate of 1.28％ (4/313) in males and 2.11％ (2/95) in females.The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50％ (153/408).And 18.87％ (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors,7.60％ (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year,the constant condom use rate was 19.35％ (6/31).The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51,95％CI:5.03-310.30),4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried,divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60,95％CI:1.50-14.05),2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94,95％CI:1.86-8.36).Conclusions The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high.The factors such as gender,marital status,leisure activities,and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population.The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low.It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.

Spatial-temporal distribution of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China, 2010-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To identify the spatial clustering and its temporal trends among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older,in China from 2010 to 2016.Methods Newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China during 2010-2016 were collected,to describe their demographic characteristics,changing trends and spatial autocorrelation.This program was conducted at county level,using the ArcGIS 10.3.Results The number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women was increasing annually from 16 603 to 26 196 in 2010 and in 2016.As the main route proportion of heterosexual transmission increased from 84.25％ (13 988/16 603) in 2010 to 96.29％ (25 224/26 196) in 2016.Both the number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases among elderly women ≥50 years of age increased significantly from 17.82％(2 959/16 603) to 38.10％(9 981/26 196) in 2016.Results from spatial analysis demonstrated a county-level clustered distribution of HIV/AIDS cases across the country with a rising global Moran's I value=0.55 over the years (Z=51.46,P＜0.001),which was concentrating on western and southern China,covering 9 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Yunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Xinjiang,Guizhou,Guangdong,Chongqing,Henan and Hunan).The temporal trends of hot spots differed by age groups,with the trend of epidemic shifting towards western border and southern coastal regions among women aged 15-49 years old,while the elderly women aged ≥50 years old were spreading northward from the southwestern regions.Conclusion Our findings indicated that an increasing trend of clusters appeared on HIV epidemic among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older in China,particularly in the western and southern regions.Prevention and intervention strategies should target on women according to their age distribution,particularly in regions with increasing trend of HIV epidemics.

Survey on extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 and above in selected areas of Chongqing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing,and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment.Methods From October to December 2017,a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year,with a sample size of 410.Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted.Results A total of 408 people were surveyed,including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93 ± 9.03) years.The HIV infection rate was 1.47％ (6/408),with the rate of 1.28％ (4/313) in males and 2.11％ (2/95) in females.The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50％ (153/408).And 18.87％ (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors,7.60％ (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year,the constant condom use rate was 19.35％ (6/31).The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51,95％CI:5.03-310.30),4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried,divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60,95％CI:1.50-14.05),2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94,95％CI:1.86-8.36).Conclusions The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high.The factors such as gender,marital status,leisure activities,and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population.The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low.It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.

Spatial-temporal distribution of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China, 2010-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To identify the spatial clustering and its temporal trends among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older,in China from 2010 to 2016.Methods Newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China during 2010-2016 were collected,to describe their demographic characteristics,changing trends and spatial autocorrelation.This program was conducted at county level,using the ArcGIS 10.3.Results The number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women was increasing annually from 16 603 to 26 196 in 2010 and in 2016.As the main route proportion of heterosexual transmission increased from 84.25％ (13 988/16 603) in 2010 to 96.29％ (25 224/26 196) in 2016.Both the number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases among elderly women ≥50 years of age increased significantly from 17.82％(2 959/16 603) to 38.10％(9 981/26 196) in 2016.Results from spatial analysis demonstrated a county-level clustered distribution of HIV/AIDS cases across the country with a rising global Moran's I value=0.55 over the years (Z=51.46,P＜0.001),which was concentrating on western and southern China,covering 9 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Yunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Xinjiang,Guizhou,Guangdong,Chongqing,Henan and Hunan).The temporal trends of hot spots differed by age groups,with the trend of epidemic shifting towards western border and southern coastal regions among women aged 15-49 years old,while the elderly women aged ≥50 years old were spreading northward from the southwestern regions.Conclusion Our findings indicated that an increasing trend of clusters appeared on HIV epidemic among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older in China,particularly in the western and southern regions.Prevention and intervention strategies should target on women according to their age distribution,particularly in regions with increasing trend of HIV epidemics.

Problems and solutions in modern research of traditional Chinese herbal pieces processing technology / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicine processing is the main feature that distinguishes traditional Chinese medicine from natural medicine and plant medicine, and is the main feature in clinical medication of traditional Chinese medicine. The research of Chinese medicine processing technology is an important link to realize standardization and standardization of Chinese herbal pieces, with urgent need to attract high attention. At present, there are still many problems in the research of processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces, mainly including inconsistent processing technology, large differences in process technology parameters, and unstable production technology of Chinese herbal pieces, resulting in uncontrollable quality of Chinese herbal pieces and affecting the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine. This paper focused on the establishment of a unified standard processing technology, and put forward the countermeasures for the processing technology of Chinese medicine based on a comprehensive analysis of the current situations of the processing technology of Chinese herbal pieces, with significance for guiding the establishment of a standardized processing technology of Chinese medicine.

Gastrointestinal Motility after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: An X-ray Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To study the dynamic changes of the intestinal function of neurogenic bowel dysfunction rats caused by spi-nal cord injury using X-ray radiography. Methods Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (n=12) and spinal cord injury group (n=12). The T10spinal cord injury model was established using aneurysm clip (70 grams calibration force) for 60 seconds. The control group exposed the dura only. X-ray Barium was used to observe the dynamic changes of in-testinal function, and HE staining was used to observe the pathology of the colon before and four weeks after modeling. Results Compared with the control group, gastric emptying and intestinal transit function significantly reduced in the spinal cord injury group (P<0.05). Conclusion The spinal cord injury model can be successfully duplicated with aneurysm clip in rats; neurogenic bowel dysfunction occurs after spinal cord injury, gastric emptying and intestinal transit function are weakened.

Alleviation of aortic vascular dysfunction in STZ/HFD-induced type 2 diabetic rats by nFGF1 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 (nFGF1) on the aortic vascular function in streptozotocin (STZ)/high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic rats and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS:Five-week-old male SD rats (n=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 in each group),including normal control group,type 2 diabetic group and nFGF1 treatment group(type 2 diabetic rats were intra-peritoneally injected with 0.5 mg/kg nFGF1 every other day for 4 weeks). After the rats were sacrificed, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels,aorta diastolic function and superoxide dismutase(SOD) level in the aorta of each group were measured. Besides,the protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated ki-nase (p-ERK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the aorta were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:nFGF1 markedly lowered blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, enhanced aorta SOD activity and upregulated protein level of eNOS in the type 2 diabetic rats. Furthermore,the increased protein levels of COX-2 and p-ERK in the type 2 diabetic rats were largely abrogated by nFGF1. CONCLUSION:nFGF1 effectively attenuates aortic vascular dysfunction in the type 2 diabetic rats,which may be associated with decreasing blood glucose,cholesterol and triglyceride levels,re-ducing inflammation and oxidative stress response,and activating eNOS signaling pathway.

Application of transversus abdominis plane block combined with rectus sheath block for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) combined with rectus sheath block (RSB) for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.Methods Thirty patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,body mass index (BMI) 18-30 kg/m2,were scheduled for elective peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.They were randomly divided into three groups:local anesthesia group (group L),ultrasound-guided TAPB group (group T),ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with RSB group (group TR).Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (T0) and after (T1) anaesthesia,the beginning of operation (T2) and abdomen-closing (T3),6 h (T4),12 h (T5),24 h (T6) after surgery.The consumption of local anesthetic during the surgery,dezocine after the surgery,the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) during rest and movement at T2-T6 and the adverse reactions were recorded.Results At T3,MAP and HR in group L and group T were higher than those in group TR (P ＜ 0.05).At T4 and T5,MAP and HR in group L were higher than those in group T and group TR (P ＜ 0.05);the consumption of local anesthetic ropivacaine in group L and group T were more than that in group TR (P ＜ 0.05);the consumption of local anesthetic ropivacaine and dezocine in group L were more than that in group T (P ＜ 0.05).The VAS score was significantly lower in group T and group TR at T3,T4,T5 compared with that in group L (P ＜ 0.05).There were no adverse reactions.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with RSB is safe and efficacious in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.

Application of transversus abdominis plane block combined with rectus sheath block for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) combined with rectus sheath block (RSB) for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.Methods Thirty patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,body mass index (BMI) 18-30 kg/m2,were scheduled for elective peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.They were randomly divided into three groups:local anesthesia group (group L),ultrasound-guided TAPB group (group T),ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with RSB group (group TR).Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (T0) and after (T1) anaesthesia,the beginning of operation (T2) and abdomen-closing (T3),6 h (T4),12 h (T5),24 h (T6) after surgery.The consumption of local anesthetic during the surgery,dezocine after the surgery,the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) during rest and movement at T2-T6 and the adverse reactions were recorded.Results At T3,MAP and HR in group L and group T were higher than those in group TR (P ＜ 0.05).At T4 and T5,MAP and HR in group L were higher than those in group T and group TR (P ＜ 0.05);the consumption of local anesthetic ropivacaine in group L and group T were more than that in group TR (P ＜ 0.05);the consumption of local anesthetic ropivacaine and dezocine in group L were more than that in group T (P ＜ 0.05).The VAS score was significantly lower in group T and group TR at T3,T4,T5 compared with that in group L (P ＜ 0.05).There were no adverse reactions.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with RSB is safe and efficacious in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.

Progress of Wearable Technology in Rehabilitation Medicine (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

With the development of science and technology, and the emergence of artificial intelligence, wearable technology is becom-ing a hot topic in the field of rehabilitation medicine. Wearable technology is characterized by miniaturization, intelligency and convenience, and has been widely researched and applied in many fields, such as neurological rehabilitation, orthopaedic rehabilitation, spinal cord injury rehabilitation and rehabilitation for senile degenerative diseases. The further research may focus on the reliability of signals under dynamic monitoring, the comfortable feeling during long-term use of wearable devices, the data security based on personal privacy, and so on.

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fetal penoscrotal transposition / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To study the ultrasonographic features and differential diagnosis of fetal penoscrotal transposition.Two dimensional and three dimensional ultrasound were applied in the diagnosis of fetal penoscrotal transpositionto improve the detection rate. Methods Twenty cases of suspected penile scrotal transposition of the fetus in Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University fromJanuary 2015 to February 2017were included in present study. The ultrasound findings, fetal chromosome examination and clinical follow-up outcome were retrospectively summarized. Results Among the 20 suspected cases of penile scrotal transposition, 17 cases were diagnosed correctly. All the 17 cases were partial type of penile scrotal transposition. In the remaining 3 cases, 2 caseswere hermaphroditism with the karyotype of 46-XX, and the other 1 case was confirmed as normal female fetusesby clinical follow-up after birth. The ″tulip″signwas the typical ultrasonographic features offetal penoscrotal transposition. Conclusion 2D combined with 3D ultraosound is useful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fetal penile scrotal transposition.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of major constituents of raw and processed Arctii Fructus by UHPLC-UV-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 药学学报

In this study, we developed a qualitative analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) for identification of multi-constituents of raw Fructus Arctii (RFA) and processed Fructus Arctii (PFA). We established a UHPLC-UV analytical method for simultaneously determining 6 major compounds in Fructus Arctii. UHPLC- Q-TOF-MS/MS qualitative analysis was performed under negative and positive ion modes and a total of 23 chemical compounds were identified. The analysis data were subjected to a principle component analysis with a t-test. Ten peaks were found to be the main difference (P<0.05) between RFA and PFA. HPLC-UV quantitative method result showed the contents of 6 constituents were different between RFA and PFA. The results indicated that there was less arctiin, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A in PFA than in RFA. However, there were higher levels of arctigenin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C in the PFA than RFA, which may be the main reason for different clinical efficacy of RFA and PFA.